Maureen, the first one is simple black pen, while the others are using usually a 4B Pencil in order to produce good shading effects.
(The drawings on the 'Other Ships and Shipwrecks' under the thread 'My Liner Artwork' are completed using an everyday ballpoint pen.
These drawings were completed a while ago as I used to draw them regularly.
Recently I have not drawn too many and indeed last week I started to work on newer ones.
However, I seem to have lost my knack at it, so I will need to get back into practice again and post some more for you.