Hanna,
the questions you ask raise many issues. Not that that matters, but it makes answering them quite difficult.
Language:
The British have never been very good at foreign languages, and although many people would have learned Latin in school in the 1850s - 1900s, it was not 'spoken'. Rather, it was a basis for understanding the construction of the Romance languages - French, Spanish, Italian, and English (which is a hybrid language) etc. That still does not mean anyone was very proficient in foreign languages - and without knowing for certain, I would doubt that any officers were really fluent in foreign languages, especially before WW1. English has become the world's lingua franca over the last 100 years, and that does diminish the incentive for learning foreign languages. Not laudable, perhaps, but understandable.
As regards drinking and smoking...
A lot of this is down to religion - and increased leisure time. Religious people (like Mr. Lowe maybe) were against drinking because religions, along with some secular organisations, realised the dreadful problems of poverty-stricken people drinking. They campaigned - assortedly - in the 19th and early 20th centuries for less booze, more pay, more leisure, less hardship. Unfortunately in some circumstances, people responded to less hardship and more leisure, by
indulging in more leisure i.e. more drinking and smoking, less Church, and less "intellectual" thought.
But even so, drinking was brought more under control during 1850-1914 - largely due to Government Exchequer regulation. It is a hugely complex issue, however.
However, in 1912, it would have been quite unacceptable for officers to indulge in any vice to an 'observable' level, with perhaps the odd exception of smoking. And many officers would have had religious beliefs which would have precluded such indulgements.
I think it fairly safe to say that the Titanic's officers were moderate and sober people on duty, and probably off-duty as well.
Bob Godfrey knows a lot about this sort of thing, and he may join in.