Dear Vitezslav,
[I should write 'Dear Mr. Ivicic,' since we are not socially acquainted. I am using your first name since you used it at the end of your inquiry.]
The words on your list still appear in formal polite English conversation.
"Gave a dinner for" means to have a formal or semi-formal banquet for an important person.
"The President and Mrs. Bush request the honor of your presence at a dinner to be given for HRH the Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall."
and later, in the Washington Post:
"The President and Mrs. Bush gave a State Dinner to honor [or "or in honor of", or just "gave a State Dinner for"]the Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall."
If it was not a formal dinner but the people were important:
"The Prince of Wales dined with President and Mrs. Bush at the White House."
If it was just friends having a meal:
"I had lunch with Pat at McDonald's, but I ate supper with Donna at home."
If I spilled my Diet Coke over Pat, I'd say "Ooops! I'm sorry." because she is my friend and I would be sorry. "I do apologize" is used by some well dressed types, but I think it's sounds affected.
I'd say "I beg your pardon." if I spilled it over the Duchess of Cornwall because I'd feel even more embarrassed and because because the wife of the Prince of Wales is the more important person in this situation.
If she spilled her drink on me, she would say "I beg your pardon" because of noblesse oblige. She's obligated even as the higher in rank to be more polite than she needs to be to fellow guests. She would say "Pardon me", to the person serving her or to me (who would say "I beg your pardon") if we bumped on the street.
Attempting to get off the bus, I'd probably mutter, "Sorry" or "Pardon me" (in a very marked manner and raised voice the second time if they don't move aside) though I should say "I beg your pardon" because they are strangers. It takes too long to say it though, when the bus is about to move from my stop.
Rose, the youngest at table, is the 'lowest' in social rank, so she should say "I beg your pardon" for rising before the older ladies rose. I thought Rose was played as an unmannered brat in 1996 instead of a well brought up young society woman in 1912. Mr. Cameron wrote the screenplay, eh? [Sorry. I couldn't resist. I say seldom say 'eh' and don't know why it's touted as a Canadian expression. The only 'ehs' I've heard came from Maritimers, not 'Upper Canadians' from Southern Ontario.] Mr Cameron and I are roughly the same age and we grew up in roughly the same part of Ontario, though not on the same side of the Niagara Peninsula. He is a man, and men don't like 'begging' pardon. I'm trying both aloud. "Pardon me, please." sounds more comfortable on my tongue, than "I beg your pardon." before I read Jane Austen and Arthur Conan Doyle. After a session with them, my phrases are more Victorianized.
"I conversed with ... " is out of fashion. "I talked to ..." or "I spoke with ..."
"We had a conversation about ..." is used but but wordy. "We spoke about ..." is good and "We discussed ..." is better.