Hull Weaknesses
The carbon fibre hull had manufacturing defects, including voids, porosity, and inadequate adhesive bonding, leading to significant delamination.
Sensor Data
Real-time monitoring recorded acoustic and strain anomalies before the fatal dive, indicating escalating structural fatigue.
Implosion Process
A small leak compromised the sub’s airtightness, leading to a rapid inward buckling and the collapse of the hull at extreme depths.
Thermodynamic Effects
The implosion generated a secondary steam-driven explosion, dispersing the hull and debris.
Engineering Lessons
The incident highlights the need for improved materials, bonding techniques, quality control, and monitoring to prevent similar failures in future submersibles.
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Citation:
Ruud Weijermars (2024) Comprehensive Assessment of Deep-Water Vessel Implosion Mechanisms, International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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